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학술논문법과 기업 연구2016.12 발행

日本会社法における株主代表訴訟の改善方案

Improvement of shareholder’s derivative action in Japanese company law

하세가와 노리(日本 名城大学)

6권 3호, 71~96쪽

초록

2014年の会社法改正で、株主代表訴訟制度の類型として「旧株主による責任追及の訴え」と「特定責任追及の訴え(いわゆる多重代表訴訟)」制度が導入された。 前者は、株式交換等の組織再編がなされた後であっても、当該組織再編の効力発生日以前に生じた責任事実について、組織再編により完全親会社の株主となった株主(旧株主)が、完全子会社となる会社の取締役を被告とする株主代表訴訟を提起できる制度である。これは、組織再編がなければ有していた旧株主の株主代表訴訟提訴権を、いわば拡張する制度である。 日本においては、多重代表訴訟制度を最初から導入しようとしたのではなく、取締役が任務懈怠に相当する行為を行った後に株式交換等が行われたことによって、当該取締役の責任逃れが可能となった事件が複数発生したことを受けて、2005年会社法制定時に「株主でなくなった者による訴訟追行」制度が導入されたが、その後、株式移転により完全親会社の株主となった後の株主が株式移転前の行為につき完全子会社の取締役等の任務懈怠責任を追及しようとした事件が発生した。2014年会社法における「旧株主による責任追及の訴え」制度はこれを受けて導入された、いわば、従来の権利の拡大、すなわち、「必要が生じた点に最低限必要な手当てを行った」ものであり、その導入に係る反対はそれほど強くなかった。 これに対して、後者は、制度設計こそ従来の株主代表訴訟制度を準用する形であるが、組織再編などによる、自発的でない株主としての地位の喪失の有無にかかわらず、株式会社の最終完全親会社等の株式を1%以上保有する株主が、完全子会社取締役等の責任追及をすることを可能とする、全く別の観点から株主の権利を拡大した制度である。本稿では、その追及可能な責任の範囲につき、①完全親子会社関係に限定した点、②少数株主権とした点、③重要な子会社のみを対象とした点につき、問題点も指摘しつつ、一定の評価が可能である点を明らかにしている。

Abstract

In 2014 revision of company law, ‘action of tracing liability by ex-shareholders’ and ‘action of tracing specific liability(so-called multiple derivative action)’ are introduced as a type of shareholder’s derivative action. The former is a system that the shareholder(ex-shareholder) who became the shareholder of a parent company by reorganization can file a shareholder’s derivative action against the director of a subsidiary company. It is especially against the fact that the director is responsible for and that happened before the reorganization is in effect, even after the reorganization is done by the stock exchange or etc. This is a system extending the right to file a shareholder’s derivative action that ex-shareholders would have without the reorganization. In Japan, it was not intended to introduce a multiple derivative action system at first. However, in 2005 when the company law was enacted, ‘litigation performance system by a party who is not a shareholder anymore’ was introduced considering that there are quite many situations that the directors can evade the responsibility through the stock exchange after they performed negligence actions of duty. After then, a case occurred that the shareholder who became the one of the parent company due to the stock exchange tried to trace the directors’ responsibility on the negligence of duty of the subsidiary company, especially about the acts before the stock exchange. The system of ‘action of tracing liability by ex-shareholders’ was introduced in 2014, based on the above history. It extended the traditional rights - in other words, it “supplemented what is needed at a minimum” and the opposition to that was not very strong. On the other hand, the systematic structure of the latter applies the traditional shareholder’s derivation action. But it extends the shareholder’s right from a different point of view – it allows the shareholders who own more than 1% of the parent company’s whole stock to ask the responsibility of the directors of the subsidiary company regardless of whether the shareholder involuntarily loses his status due to the reorganization. This study points out following three problems on the possible range of tracing responsibility with some assessment – ① the responsibility is limited to the relationship of the parent company, ② it is allowed only in the minority shareholder’s rights, ③ it is only aimed at important subsidiary companies.

발행기관:
법학연구소
분류:
법학일반

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日本会社法における株主代表訴訟の改善方案 | 법과 기업 연구 2016 | AskLaw | 애스크로 AI