중국 사회조직의 발전 기제― 당대 길림성 동향상회 사례 연구 ―

Extra-regional chamber of commerce (ERCC), or yidi shanghui, is a form of voluntary social organization that the firms from other provinces or cities establish in their business settlement on a hometown network basis. Against the backdrop of the expansion of market economy and the concurrent increase of trans-provincial investment, a growing number of ERCCs have emerged in an effort to protect civil rights and promote economic interests of their member companies. The ERCCs, controlled by the local government and cooperating with it simultaneously, have gradually expanded their influence in their settlement area. This research, based on an analysis of in-depth interview data with 35 members of ERCCs in Jilin Province, examines the ways the ERCCs develop as autonomous organization through dynamic interactions with the local authorities. The research, instead of leaning on the existing analytical frameworks on the state-society relation, i.e., corporatism or civil society model, explores in what ways the major features the dichotomous models insist coexist in the local contexts. It probes into the ways the state controlling policy and the ERCCs' development strategies intersect and converge in their actual operation. Jilin’s politico-economic circumstances for the recent decade rendered the local government to be entrepreneurial, and the efficiency of the ERCCs in inviting investment led to signigicant changes in the local government’s attitude towards the ERCCs. The ERCCs have actively employed diverse strategies in order to strengthen their socio-political legitimacy, such as intensifying formal and informal networking with local officials, assisting the government affairs voluntarily and participating in a variety of public services. Viewed from the perspective of the state control, these phenomena may be construed that the state policies are efficiently embedded in these activities and the ERCCs are lacking in the independency from the government. Viewed from differing perspective, however, the activities are the behavioral expression of the ERCCs’ strategic embedment or internalization of the politico-administrative power with which to participate in local governance and secure further development. The multiplicity of this reality suggests that independence from the state is not the necessary condition for the development of a social organization in its early stage.