일본 성년 후견 제도의 개혁을 목표로 - 임의 대리의 활용 가능성

In this article, we examined the direction of amendment of the Japanese law with reference to the Austrian secondary adult protection law enacted in April 2017 and enforced from July 1, 2018 for Japan's adult guardianship system . There are many issues to be considered based on the current situation in Japan, but first I would like to make use of arbitrary substitution or arbitrary guardianship. Many elderly people will have the ability to decide by the new Austrian law ("will ability" under Japanese law). If we can understand the meaning of authorization concerning specific specific affairs, we will conclude an agency contract for arbitrary representation right about persons who can trust himself and his affairs, and let the agent perform acts while assisting agent. This seems to be the most desirable. Next, in cases where there is no intention to authorize the principal, even if there is a capability but it is impossible to find an appropriate agent, when administrative processing is necessary for the principal, the statutory guardian system is used It will have to be. However, there is no need for the typology theory like the current Japanese law, and it will suffice to consider only the guardianship type. Appointment of a guardian should be made by the person 's petition or ex officio. The duties of the guardian should be specifically limited and limited to the minimum necessary, and the term of office should also be set. As a general rule, his / her ability to act is not limited. As with Austrian arbitrary adult representative, guardians must act on himself to act as much as he can. As in the current law, "consent of the guardian should not be necessary for purchase of everyday items and other acts concerning daily life". However, as in the case of an adult on behalf of the selection of a court, as long as it is necessary to avoid serious and significant danger to the principal, the consent of the guardian should be required for the act within the duties of the guardian (Austrian law Then, this is called "reservation of consent"). The author's proposal will allow cases where the ability of the principal's ability to act is restricted, but I believe that by narrowing down the requirement in this manner, it conforms to Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Disabled.。