‘4차 산업혁명’의 형사정책

This essay aims to propose a model of ‘Criminology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterized by new technologies that are fusing the physical, digital and biological worlds, and impacting all disciplines, economies and industries, as Klaus Schwab of the World Economic Forum suggests. Central to the Revolution are emerging technology breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, 3D printing and bio technology. From the perspective of criminal laws and criminal justice policy, policy-makers and researchers face both challenges on how to utilize the benefits of the technology and how to control the threats from the technology. Criminological research and debates are demanded on the issues of AI-based criminal procedures, AI-based policing and investigation, predictive policing based on big-data analysis, and correctional and treatment programs based on virtual/augmented reality technologies. On the other hand, legal and political measures against criminal threats and violations of privacy by technologies, such as surveillance by government or big companies, violations of digital identity, criminal events of intelligent robot, autonomous cars and drones, 3D printing, bio-printing, virtual reality, security breach of Internet of Things, and cyber-terrorism. Thus the main tasks of the ‘Criminology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’ should be the building of cyber-security system based on public-private partnership and international cooperation. And legal reforms of cyber-security and privacy protection in the age of intelligent-date society will be the key to the future of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.