다문화주의의 지속가능성: 유럽의 다문화주의 정책 현실에 대한 진단과 유럽인권재판소 판결의 분석

multiculturalism and the challenges it faces in Europe. It begins by reviewing the debate between Will Kymlicka and Christian Joppke at the East-West Dialogue and Multiculturalism conference held in Seoul in 2012, a debate about the current state of multiculturalism policies and the future of multiculturalism. Kymlicka countered the widely heard diagnosis that multiculturalism was in retreat. He argued that multiculturalism was being reinforced, not weakened, and was in harmony with ‘civic integration.’ Joppke, on the other hand, asserted that “multiculturalism was dead.” He suggested five principles for liberal integration, one of which was “respect for majority culture.” Joppke reiterated his thesis in a stronger overtone at the 2017 Global Symposium on Immigration Policy organized by the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Korea to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of the “Together Day.” This essay analyses the debate between Kymlicka and Joppke, compares multiculturalism and civic integration policies, and introduces cases that demonstrate the attitude of European human rights law towards multiculturalism. The cases that the essay introduces – Dogru v. France, which manifests the controversy that has arisen from the Islamic headscarf saga in France, Lautsi v. Italy, which is about the legitimacy of crucifixes in Italian classrooms, and S.A.S. v. France, which endorsed the ban on the full-face veil in France – strengthen Joppke’s observation that multiculturalism has retreated, but at the same time hint at the possibility of European legal systems moving beyond liberal integration towards a ‘muscular’ type of civic integration. This movement exposes anti-multiculturalism being a particularism masquerading as the universal, as pointed out by Charles Taylor, and thereby may pierce a hole on the hegemony of anti-multiculturalism.