학생인권 및 교권보호 조례의 법적 쟁점에 관한 일고찰

This study investigated legality of the ordinances related to students’ human rights and teachers’ right protection in terms of rule of law, and discussed the legal issues and solutions of the subject based on recent precedents of the Supreme Court. In this study, Chapter II reviewed previous research, legal grounds, and general theory of ordinance, and Chapter III analyzed ordinances related to students’ human rights and teachers’ right protection that cause legal issues. The summary of the study is as follows: First, the Students ’Human Rights Ordinance, despite its necessity for guaranteeing and expanding human rights of students, causes problems related to the norms and system in various aspects, such as issues from the perspective of human rights law in terms of the essence and details of students’ human rights; possible conflict with teachers’ rights ; issues from the perspective of education law in terms of the mean stoensure effectiveness in education administration; and problems with autonomous legislation in terms of its legislative form. In particular, legal issues related to the scope and limits of the ordinance enactment right are critical for legalizing the Students’ Human Rights Ordinance due to its nature as an ordinance. The core questions of these issues relate to, for instance, whether assigning and executing two hours of human rights education violates the limit of the ordinance enactment right, because curriculum is part of national services; whether the ordinance regulations violate the principle of primacy of the law or the right of the municipal or provincial superintendent of education to install administrative machinery and propose an ordinance; and the scope of subject of inquiry in the litigation for invalidation of re-decision of the ordinance filed by the competent Minister. Second, the School Self-Governance Ordinance and Ordinance for Teachers’ Right Production and Educational Activity Support view provisions related to mandatory installation of self-governing organization that is not specified by a higher law and to status and human resource management of the faculty are part of national services and, thereby, illegal. In that regard, Minister of Education is allowed to Judicial Control take legal action against illegal decision(ordinance) made by a municipal or provincial assembly according to Local Autonomy Law Article 172 ⑦ despite refusal of the relevant superintendent of education to a request for re-approval of such ordinance. Therefore, it is necessary to use caution when permitting judicial control of illegal ordinance by the competent Minister. In the end, the rights of students and those of teachers are intertwined as they are both parties of education and, therefore, this study proposed interpreting the issues from the perspective of public good.