신라 법흥왕대 ‘及伐尺’과 성산산성 출토 목간의 ‘役法’
‘Geupbeolcheok(及伐尺)' and ‘the Labor Service Law(役法)’ of the Wooden Tablets Excavated in the Sungsan Mountain Fortress during the Reign of King Beopheung in Silla
박남수(국사편찬위원회)
40호, 29~82쪽
초록
최근에 성산산성 목간의 ‘及伐尺’을 바탕으로 제시된 신라 초기 외위제 정비과정에 대한 견해와 관련하여, 법흥왕대 경위 17관등제 성립 여부를 비롯하여, 及伐尺과 壹金智의 관계를 살피고자 하였다. 아울러 성산산성 제17차 발굴보고에서 공개된 진내멸촌주 사면목간을 석독하여 村使人 及伐尺의 직임을 살피고, 성산산성 출토 목간이 세금 꾸러미에 대한 하찰목간이 아니라 축성에 동원된 입역자들이 입역기간 동안 소용되는 개인별 식량에 대한 부찰임을 확인하였다. 특히 진내멸촌주 사면목간에 개인별 식량(私糧)을 규정한 法은 당나라의 부역령 가운데 역역동원에 관한 규정으로서, 공사기간, 역역동원 방식, 공사 구역을 비롯하여, 丁役과 匠人의 立役을 막론하고 번상제나 이에 필요한 경비, 도구의 징발 및 급여 등에 대한 규정을 포괄하였던 것으로 보았다. 또한 최근에 보고된 성산산성 17차 발굴보고의 목간 가운데 보이는 ‘壬子年’의 기년에 주목하여, 성산산성 출토 목간의 제작시기를, 성산산성 출토 문서목간의 문장형식, ‘上干支’와 ‘大舍下智’ 등 관등 표기 방식과 비교하여 법흥왕 19년(532)의 임자년으로 판단하였다. 이 시기는 함안을 위요한 지역에서 신라와 백제가 각축을 벌이던 때로서, ≪삼국사기≫ 지리지 咸安郡조에 보이는 법흥왕의 阿尸良國 멸망 기사는 신라측에 전승된 자료일 가능성이 높은 것으로 여겨졌다.
Abstract
Recently, opinions on the organization process of the official rank system in the provincial government(外位, Oewi) in the early Silla have been suggested on the basis of the letters ‘Geupbeolcheok(及伐尺)’ written on the wooden tablets. Related to these opinions, this article aimed to examine the relation between Geupbeolcheok and Ilgeumji(壹金智) including whether the 17 central government rank system(京位, Gyeongwi) was established under the King Beopheung or not. Additionally, interpreting the contents in a four-side wooden tablet recorded by Jinnaemyeolchonju introduced in the 17th research report of Sungsan mountain fortress, it was found that Chonsain(村使人) is a duty of Geupbeolcheok. Also, it was examined that the wooden tablets for name list of supplies was not about the tax in kind but about individual food stuffs(私糧) consumed by mobilized laborers for the construction of fortress during their statute labor period. In particular, the rules in the four-side wooden tablet was about the mobilization of statute labor, to compare the Labor Service Law of Tang. It includes the construction period, the mobilization system, the construction area as well as the duty rotation, expenses, requisition for tools and equipments and payment. In addition, focusing on 'the year of Imja(壬子) in the sexagenary cycle’ written on a wooden tablet introduced in the 17th research report of Sungsan mountain fortress in Haman, it was assumed that this wooden tablet could be made in ‘the year of Imja(壬子)’, the 19th year(532) of King Beopheung’s reign, as a result of comparing sentence structures and transcriptional system of official rank such as ‘Sangganji(上干支)’ and ‘Daesahaji(大舍下智)’ shown in wooden tablets excavated from the Sungsan mountain fortress with other monumental inscriptions. That was the period in which Silla and Baekje was vying with each other for the domination on the area around Haman. Considering such a situation, it is possible that the record on the collapse of Asiryangguk(阿尸良國) by King Beopheung shown in the article ‘Hamangun’ in History fo Three Kingdoms(Samguksagi) could be based on the source handed down to Silla.
- 발행기관:
- 신라사학회
- 분류:
- 한국고대사