남극해양생물자원보존위원회에서 설정한 해양보호구역제도(CCAMLR MPAs)의 발전과 쟁점

MPAs are designated coastal or marine protected areas to preserve functions and resources of ecosystem. CCAMLR MPAs have been proposed for scientific research, ecosystem protection, and the conservation of marine living resources, including rational use of the Antarctic Ocean. CCAMLR has been engaged on a full discussion since 2012 on nine large-scale MPA Planning Domains located within the CAMLR Convention area. The Antarctic Ocean not only has an exceptional ecological value and scientific significance, but also constitutes an ecosystem with the least impact on human activities. It has, therefore, been under international pressure to establish representative MPA networks and protect ecosystems early on in Antarctica. There has been considerable progress in discussing the MPA through long consultations and negotiations among the CCAMLR member countries, and has been successful in designating the South Orkney MPA in 2009 and the Ross Sea MPA in 2016. Discussions on the EARSMPA and the Weddel Sea MPA are ongoing, and it seems possible to reach a consensus in the near future. The purpose of this article is to review the efforts and achievements of the international community for the protection and conservation of marine ecosystems within the CCAMLR MPAs by considering the discussion of CCAMLR MPAs and process of adopting representative MPAs. The purpose of this article is to review the efforts and achievements of the international community for the conservation and conservation of marine ecosystems within the CCAMLR MPAs by considering the discussion of CCAMLR MPAs and the adoption of representative MPAs. To this end, we review and analyze the basic concepts such as the purpose of CCAMLR MPAs, the legal basis and designation standards, the process of development of CCAMLR MPAs, and the discussions and adoption of representative CCAMLR MPAs.