개인신용정보 비식별 조치의 내용과 한계에 관한 연구

On existing privacy protection act, the privacy protection means information that can identify specific individual. Since actions like investigation, collection, keep, use focused on personal information apply as a rule the limit of individual privacy protection right, the privacy protection law in principle prohibits the case that the manager of personal information uses his information out of purpose of collection, use, or provides a third party with information. By the way, exceptionally he can be allowed if principals of information afford the agreement. Credit information act (the law about use and protection of credit information) also exceptionally acknowledges the offer without agreement the case of a credit information company offers personal credit information to others, in principal after receiving individual agreement of credit information object. However, in the case of the information that takes de-identification action, both allow one provides personal credit information without agreement of principals of information or uses it. In other words, personal information protection act defines one can provide personal information to a third party or use information as a use except of purpose in the case of providing personal information as a form that nobody can identify specific individual for the purpose of statistics producing and academic research if one has no risk to unfairly violate profits of principals of information or a third party. For this, similar to personal information protection act, de-identification information admits the use except of primary purpose and providing to a third party without an agreement of principals of information. This purpose of act presumes through de-identification action, since information that specific principal of information is unrecognizable is no more personal information, it is not applied to individual information protection act, and it can’t violate individual information right that is protected by constitution. Also the government is implementing personal information de-identification guide line announced for clearly abducing de-identification action standard and de-identification information application scope of individual information to utilize Big Data safely in the form of personal information protection act along the appearance of a new ear like Big Data , IoT, etc. Especially, credit information act does special handling about de-identification information. Firstly, a credit inquiry company is not able to provide personal credit information to the controlling shareholder and subsidiary, but it can provide de-identified information exceptionally. Second, in the case a credit information company provides personal credit information to the one who uses it as the purpose to be provided personal credit information that a specific individual can’t be recognized for statistics writing and academic research. In this case, the agreement of principals of information is not needed. Additionally, for statistics writing and academic research, after de-identification action, one can use out of purpose without agreement of principals of information. However, in spite of these legal bases, de-identification action has several fundamental problems. First, de-identification action is the action that prohibits principals of information from the agreement right that is the core of personal information right. Though, the basis of prohibition of basic human right is not delegated by credit information act. Second, the reason of de-identification action is statistics and academic research. This is operating regardless Big Data industry vitalization that was primary introduction purpose, not the original twin purposes, with other reasons. And It can’t be allowed as de-identification action. Third, in the law, the notion of statistics writing and academic research is not obvious and comprehensive and interpreted as a form of foreshadower. And in the handling process that wholesale information is stored, mixed, analyzed, the possibility of re-identified with original personal credit information by the combination with other information can’t be ignored. By this, personal information right can be invaded. Lastly, it is difficult to apply punishment composition requirement about the offense, of course recent law, because of the lack of concrete yardstick for judgment and ambiguity of limit about de-identification action. So it has the problem that can be against the principle of legality. Thus, de-identification action has tasks to seek both sides, protection of individual information and planning Big Data industry vitalization, harmoniously.