미국의 수변(Waterfront) 개발에 관련된 방법과 제도의 고찰

The waterfront area of Korea has been developed spontaneously, but to the present day, it has been developed by the government lead under the national policy such as rich country and industrial development. Naturally, development has been carried out until today according to the legal system. Therefore, it was a separate space from the creation of private housing functions. In other words, instead of assuring that citizen life enjoys the good environment of the waterfront in the city, the government has arbitrarily set the function during the urban planning and led the planned development. Now it can be said that it is appropriate time to find the place of waterfront development. Waterfront areas have very different characteristics depending on the area they are located in and the water areas connected to them, so a different approach is needed to manage it efficiently. First of all, it is effective to manage urban waterside space directly in Urban Planning Act rather than delegating to each local government ordinance. I would like to examine the case of foreign countries in order to examine the legislative system for the use of waterside space in order to locate the waterside space (the land area near the water area) as a legal system in the city composition. The purpose of this study is to examine legal aspects of the methods and systems related to U.S. waterfront development in terms of development management system, zoning for land use area and district system, land acquisition, and incentives for private developers. In this study, waterfront management committee, quasi-public development corporation (nonprofit company), third sector development company, bureau of port, private developer were considered as management system for waterfront development. The following sections reviewed the zoning of land areas for waterfront use and the types of areas for setting up the zoning plan. Then, I surveyed how to acquire land for waterfront development. Specifically, I report original acquisition of land, leaseback, counter leaseback, land write down (book value depreciation), environmental preservation rights, land bank (holding pre-acquisition), and land exchange. This study also discussed the benefits of local taxation for private developers, the establishment of special taxation zones, financial incentives for increasing tax revenue, and incentive schemes such as streamlining regulations and major urban planning systems for waterfront development.