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The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in utilization of emergency medical services(EMS) between the medical aid(MA) patients and national health insurance(NHI) patients. In this study, we used 18,122 individuals of Korea Health Panel(KHP) data of 2015. First of all, Logistic Regression Analysis was conducted to identify the differences in use of EMS between MA recipients and NHI beneficiaries. Secondly, Poisson Generalized Estimating Equations was conducted to find whether MA patients use more EMS than NHI patients using total of 2,130 emergency room visits of 1,616 patients. The results showed that the odds of EMS usage was 1.28 times higher in people with MA than in people with NHI after controlling for confounding variables. In addition, MA patients were more likely to use EMS than NHI patients after controlling for confounding variables. There are arguments that MA recipients overuse the EMS, while others claim that MA recipients are restricted in using proper medical services. Due to the lack of emergency room resources, many patients who are in urgent need of medical services are not getting proper EMS. Based on the results of this study, policy makers should try to find ways not only to control the unnecessary EMS for the MA recipients but also to strengthen the primary care with the expansion of preventive care services for the MA recipients.