노동시장 이중구조의 정치경제학: 사회적 자본 이론의 활용

This paper examines how social capital has affected labor market practices as well as labor market duality in Korea and suggests how to improve the performance of labor markets by utilizing social capital theories and related evidences. The excess of bond social capital and the shortage of bridge social capital have brought about democratic deficit resulting in excessive regulations. These regulations worked as an exogenous factor for labor market duality which makes the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises weakened as well as lowers trust and cooperation between labor and management. Both labor movement and education have worked as an endogenous factor to deteriorate labor market duality. The former has been based on bond social capital coming from school and regional ties like democratic movement and the latter has worked toward fostering bond social capital so as to make workers’ job search more dependent on school ties. In order to reduce labor market duality, it is necessary to make political and electoral institutions relived from regionalism and deregulate labor markets so as to establish property right and jurisdictional structure and raise the transparency and accountability of labor unions and civil associations. Education needs to be changed toward raising bridge social capital. Labor market intermediaries need to be raised so as to support vulnerable social groups and cooperation between schools and industry needs to be activated for small and medium enterprises for the same reasons.