공적개발원조를 통한 신지식재산(유전자원) 발굴 및 활용 방안

The economic value of biological resources takes a leading place in the nationalindustry, exceeding 700 trillion won annually worldwide. A new international orderhas emerged in related fields, such as the 2014 Nagoya Protocol’s entry into force torecognize the national ownership of biological and genetic resources. Countries andcompanies, exporting mainly using foreign biological and genetic resources, faced theneed to establish strategies and policies in order to cope with the changed system. Unlike major advanced countries that have been exploring foreign genetic resourcesfor a long time and have been leading various industrial applications, thedevelopment of overseas genetic resources in Korea is still at an early stage. Hence,this paper suggests a new approach through Official Development Assistance(ODA) asa means of excavating and utilizing genetic resources. ODA is a support policy ofdeveloped countries that promotes economic development in developing countriesthrough national funds, manpower, and technology. After Korea became the 24thmember country of the OECD Development Assistance Committee(DAC), which leadsthe world’s ODA, Korea has a responsibility to contribute to the internationalcommunity through the quantitative expansion and qualitative development of ODA asa full DAC membership in 2010. The scale of ODA in Korea has been continuously expanding, but the effect of industrial inducement is unsatisfactory condition by notonly having no connection with the promotion of domestic industries but also havingno system for mutual cooperation among related departments. This article analyzes the current status and promising areas of domestic andforeign genetic resources in order to explore the way of excavating and utilizing newproperties(genetic resources) through ODA. Also, this study investigates theinternational agreements and domestic norms to be followed in terms of theexcavation and use of genetic resources. In order to excavate and utilize NewIntellectual Property linked to ODA, first of all, it is necessary to reflect the policiesconcerning excavating and utilizing New Intellectual Property through ODA into theBasic Plan for Intellectual Property, which is set up every five years, and thereought to excavate New Intellectual Property with major cooperation countries mainlyas the central figure. In addition, in order to promote the new property excavationbusiness, it should establish a collaboration system between the departments so thatthey can be practically implemented, and most of all, a strategy should be establishedto promote related industries through public-private partnerships cooperation. Lastly,from a long-term point of view, by means of establishing a joint research andcreating a revenue sharing system with the host country, a Win-Win approach isneeded not only by promoting the sustainable development of developing countriesbut also being of help to the biotechnology industry.