헌법상 정치권력구조의 재구성 - 대안으로서의 균형형 대통령제 -

This article aims to find the problems of the whole political power structure including the government form and try to design a systemic consistent government structure without any contradiction between the composing components. The political power structures are composed not only of the form of the government, but also of other constitutional political systems including the electoral system, the party system and the parliament system. Therefore, in order thar the political power structure might realize to the maximum extent democratic representativeness, legitimacy of procedure and responsibility politics, each component must be combined suitable for its own function. From the functional point of view, the electoral system should pursue "political participation" and "political control"; the political party system and the parliament system "political competition"; the government form "check and balance”. Considering the importance of prompt national policy decisions due to the geopolitical structure of South Korea, the government form of the presidential system is still acceptable. In such a point, it is desirable to take a "balanced presidential system" which means, in a sense, "limited presidential system". For this system, it is necessary to reorganize the powers of the president and the National Assembly for "the equitable allocation of constitutional powers", and to reconstruct the electoral system and the party system for "democratic allocation of political powers". In March 2018, President Moon proposed a constitutional amendment along with a tremendous cause of overcoming so-called the 1987 system. However, according to the proposal, the president's power is still not scattered or restricted. On the other hand, a new power structure which combines the presidential system with the proportional electoral system may bring about a large change in the relationship between the president and the Assembly.