국제통상체제에서 개발 패러다임의 전환에 대한 연구— GATT/WTO 다자체제에서 FTA 복수체제로 —

Free trade under the GATT/WTO and FTA systems has contributed greatly to both economic development and social, cultural integration of participating countries by lowering barriers on the border. World trading system, mainly regulated and led by the GATT/WTO from the 1940s on, has been praised about their successful role in global economic development while also been criticized about being negligent in social development, particularly labor and environmental issues. The understanding of development in the world trading system has continuously transformed its definition and scope according to the situational, economic, and legal conditions at the time and place of negotiations. The GATT system, established directly after the World War II, had to dedicate to focusing on economic development and reconstruction, and such aim remained similar under the WTO system, that focused on economic growth through further trade liberalization. Still, however, the development paradigm in the WTO regime has started to seek the balance between both economic and social values. Seemingly it is because of the lessons from the criticisms on the related GATT/WTO dispute cases, the increasing number of developing member countries, the rise of NGOs and the launch of the WTO DDA at the time of global economic stability. Yet, with the drift of the WTO DDA, the negotiations on development issues in the multilateral trading system was also put in crisis. Fortunately, the FTA plurilateral system took up the baton and continued the discussions on the issues more comprehensively, embracing more social values like environment, labor, and gender equality. They have been equipped in the forms of an independent chapter or Appendix in the TPP, CPTPP and the amended FTA between Canada and Chile respectively. Such transfer of negotiation platform on development also provides meaningful implications to the multilateral trading system at a deadlock.