기업가의 창업동기와 고용창출에 관한 실증적 연구: 서울시 창업기업을 중심으로

This study aims to present a framework of the mechanism by which entrepreneurial activities are transformed into job creation. We divide entrepreneurial motivation into subsistence entrepreneurship and opportunity entrepreneurship and examine the empirical association between entrepreneurial motivation, firm survival rate, and employment growth. A set of panel data analyses are conducted, using the district-level data collected by the Seoul Metropolitan Government for the period between 1998 and 2013. The empirical findings indicate that growth in the number of entrepreneurial firms is indeed related to employment growth, but in a limited manner. Specifically, firms established upon opportunity entrepreneurship, if survived, tend to generate additional jobs whereas subsistence entrepreneurship has not been able to create jobs due to its low survival rates. Therefore, it is essential to foster opportunistic entrepreneurship proactively and manage survival rates of subsistence entrepreneurship in order to secure jobs and sustain growth in employment. In addition, the employment growth rates in the districts with a high level of manufacturing infrastructure are significantly higher, indicating that urban manufacturing clusters should be protected to secure employment and be paid special attention as these clusters continue to disappear due to the rising property rental expenses.