淸末 『萬國公法』의 도입과 세계관의 錯綜

The Chinese world order had lasted for more than a thousand years in the East Asia, and it had a strong influence on neighbor country after the founding of Qing Dynasty in 17th century. But in this situation, Qing Dynasty knew that there were the Western International order which premised the equal relation among nations. In particular, the treaties of Nerchinsk and Kyakhta were valuable experience in the way that she recognised the utility of Western International order. By this time, many books related to the West issued, and it improved the understanding of Western International law. So it came from natural maturement that Lin ze xu controlled English opium trade strictly using the Western International law in the beginning of the 19th century. In the middle of the 19th century, Qing Dynasty wanted to apprehend the Western International order generally, and she accepted the Wanguogongfa. At this time, Willam Martin translated the book, and the Qing Dynasty supported him financially, and at least eight Chinese intellectuals helped him by selecting proper translated words, which were useful for the Chinese to understand the book. Therefore, many agents with different basis of cognition intervened in the translation of Wanguogongfa. and it led to so called ‘the multi-layer of translation’. The multi-layer of translation in the Wanguogongfa shows the Qing Dynasty’s world view. Translating the ‘international’ word, only the pre-modern concept was used, so it means that Qing Dynasty understood the international society in the view of the Chinese world order, In translating words about ‘sovereignty’ and ‘vassal state’, conceptual confusion happened, so the pre-modern concept were identified with the modern concept. but the latter superseded the former slowly.