헌법재판소의 도전(挑戰)과 과제(課題)
Challenges and Tasks of the Constitutional Court of Korea
이강국(법무법인 한결)
29권, 9~38쪽
초록
1. 국민들은 1987년 10월의 제9차 헌법 개정 당시 국민의 자유와 인권을 더욱 철저히 보장하기 위하여 대법원 대신 헌법재판소를 신설하여 위헌법률심판권을 행사하도록 결단하였음헌법 개정 후 헌재법 제정 당시에는 헌재의 관장사항으로 규정된 헌법소원 중 재판소원의 도입 여부가 큰 쟁점이 되었으나 재판소원 제도는 도입하지 않는 것으로 결정되었음헌재법 제68조 제2항의 헌법소원은 헌법소원의 한 형태로 신설되었지만 실질은 당사자의 위헌법률제청 신청권을 제대로 보장하기 위한 절차로 입법된 것임2. 헌재는 지난 30년간 헌법을 수호하여 국민의 기본권을 보장하고 나아가 우리사회의 동화적 통합에 기여하기 위하여 적극적인 노력을 계속해 왔고 이제는 국민들의 높은 신뢰를 받게 되었음3. 헌재의 앞으로의 과제는, ∘위헌심판권이 헌법 제107조 제1항과 제2항에 따라 2원화되어 있어 많은 문제가 제기되고 있는바, 위헌심판권은 헌법재판소에, 위법심판권은 법원에 부여하는 것으로 통일할 필요가 있음∘한정위헌 결정의 법원 기타 국가기관에 대한 기속력에 관하여는 헌재와 대법원 사이에 견해의 대립이 있으므로 이를 정리할 필요가 있음∘추상적 규범통제절차를 도입할 필요가 있음∘헌재의 구성에 있어서는 민주적 정당성을 강화하고 전문재판기관으로서의 전문성을 강화하는 특별한 조치가 필요할 것임
Abstract
1. At the time of the 9th amendment of the Constitution of Korea in October 1987, the people made a decision to establish the Constitutional Court and to bestow the adjudication on constitutionality of laws thereon in lieu of the Supreme Court in order to more thoroughly assure and protect the people’s liberty and fundamental rights. At the time of enacting the Constitutional Court Act after amendment of the Constitution, it was very controversial whether to include the court-judgment complaint in the constitutional complaints as set forth for the subject matter jurisdiction of Constitutional Court. However, it was decided that the court-judgment complaint would not be included in the above subject matter jurisdiction. The constitutional complaint to the Constitutional Court under Article 68 (2) of the Constitutional Court Act was newly provisioned as a type of the constitutional complaint, but it was enacted substantially for procedure to assure the party’s right to request adjudication on constitutionality of a law. 2. For past 30 years since its establishment in 1988, the Constitutional Court has continued to actively strive to assure the people’s fundamental rights, and to contribute to assimilatory unification of our society by protecting the Constitution, and thus has secured the high confidence from the people. 3. Tasks of the Constitutional Court ∘The power of adjudication of constitutionality is divided into two structures in accordance with Article 107 (1) and (2) of the Constitution, and thus lots of problems have been raised. As such, it is necessary to arrange the adjudication of constitutionality issue to be bestowed on the Constitutional Court and the adjudication of legality issue to be bestowed on the courts. ∘So far, the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court have showed contrary views as to the binding power on the courts and other national institutions in connection with the partly unconstitutional decisions. As such, it is necessary to adjust the above. ∘It is necessary to introduce the procedure of abstract review on norm. ∘As to the composition of the Constitutional Court, it is necessary to take special measures to strengthen the democratic justification and to enhance the expertise as the specialized adjudication institution.
- 발행기관:
- 헌법재판소
- 분류:
- 헌법