미세먼지 문제에 대한 환경법·정책적 소고

Problems of PM-2.5 which is carcinogenic to humans became a one of the most public concerns in Korea. This short paper begins with questioning of why current legal system cannot reduce the PM-2.5 problems and raised issue of its possibility of wrong approach to handle the problems such as its measurements and legal definition for appropriate regulation in current environmental laws. This paper provides following thoughts; firstly, it is necessary to put priority on R&D for the measurement technology of PM-2.5 which is a basic step to solve the problem. Secondly, even though Environmental Policy Basic Act sets the environmental standards for PM-2.5, its implementing acts including Ambient Preservation Act does not only provide specific legal definitions and its discharging permissible standards but also clarify its definition with dust, particles and smoke; therefore, it is necessary to have a clear definition and implementing measures of PM-2.5. Finally, because two third of total PM-2.5 are the secondary PM-2.5, the emission criteria of precursor of PM-2.5 such as SOx and NOx should be more strictly regulated. It is also necessary to have a precise inventory of Pm-2.5 sources and volume of emission and focus on the main target based on the inventory; moreover, post-management of the emission criteria is also important. It should be considered to close the old coal power plants and to reduce the running rate of diesel engine power plants in the national energy plans. Emission testing of diesel engine automobile should check the NOx like gasoline and gas engine automobile emission testing. Emission testing of diesel engine automobile which are implemented in only metropolitan area should be implemented in national-wide.