프랑스의 고용보험 개정 내용 - 보편주의로의 확대

In principle, the subject of application to unemployment benefits of employment insurance are employees who involuntarily retired. The self-employed persons are, however, exposed to the danger of closure of business due to the cyclical fluctuation, etc., and it is natural that the voluntary retiree changes a job for the improved labor conditions or develops the vocational ability in the rapidly changed modern society. So, it needs to develop the characteristic of employment insurance, as the current insurance has a feature of solidarity between the employers and employees in place for the occupational hazards, and the employees must have the subordination to the employers, but it needs to change in principle of the social solidarity for all the people who have jobs. Thus, the public officials, career soldiers, and short-time workers, who are in a blind spot of employment insurance, can be included in the employment insurance as well as the self-employed persons and voluntary retirees. In addition, it should be considered the social security taxes for the finance of employment insurance. France extensively revised the employment insurance legislation on September, 2018. For major revised contents, unemployment benefits are paid to both self-employed persons and voluntary retirees, and contributions are exempted from both the employees and self-employed persons who are newly transferred. To preserve this, ‘Contribution Sociale Généralisée(CSG)’ as social security tax will be appropriated to the finance of employment insurance. Accordingly, the finance of employment insurance consists of the employers’ contributions and the earners’ social security taxes. The academic circles in France evaluated the revision as a great step forward to the universal social insurance programs, but they point out that the blind spot of unemployment still exists in the domain of public assistance and that there is a lack of additional fiscal measures. They also argue that it requires a solution to solve fairness between the employees and the self-employed persons. The concrete contents of employment insurance are materialized in the employment insurance convention which is concluded by the representative body for employers and labor union on a nationwide scale, not in the policies of the government. The contents of revised employment insurance act is also delegated to the convention of labour and management.As for current revision, we have to review a method to enlarge subject of application to employment insurance including persons exempt from the insurance like public officials and self-employed. Furthermore, it is considered that the social security taxes are instituted to help the finance of insurance and to change the solidarity of employers and employees into the social solidarity in the whole community.