해양공간계획의 법제화 현상과 개선과제

The oceans are more important than others—both from ecological, as well as economic, social and cultural perspectives. Effective and efficient marine spatial planning and management should address this spatial and temporal heterogeneity of marine spaces. Marine spatial planning (MSP) is a process of analyzing and allocating parts of three-dimensional marine spaces (or ecosystems) to specific uses or objectives, to achieve ecological, economic, and social objectives that are usually specified through a political process. The oceans have more features in the multipurpose area than in the land because they can be used for different purposes such as surface, water body, and seabed. As the area of economic activity extends from various fields to the oceans, and the interest and demand for the oceans grows, conflicts over the oceans are also increasing. In Korea, marine space planning law was enacted in 2017, which covers the systematic management of marine space. The main purpose of this law is to systematically and scientifically manage the entire oceans of Korea by introducing the "after-planning" method that reflects the characteristics of marine space and ecosystem values in preemptive use of existing marine spaces. MSP will contribute to the establishment of a system for systematic and comprehensive management through sustainable use of marine spaces. MSP will provide a theological basis for sustainable use of oceans by supplementing the management of homeland mainly focused on land and considering marine areas from a spatial perspective. This paper analyzes the legal significance of MSP and examines the case of major countries on MSP and the legislative background and purpose of MSP Act . Based on the results, we propose the major improvement tasks of MSP Act and suggest the desirable improvement directions.