디자인 씽킹 프로세스에 있어서 문제 정의의 유형이 디자인 결과물에 미치는 영향 ; 자율주행 자동차 디자인을 중심으로

In the define phase of the design thinking process, designers classify the problems derived from the consumer research into abstract themes using their subjective judgment. Although problem definition is a strategically important activity that determines the direction of the design solution, research on this topic has been minimal, until recently. This study examined how Abduction-1 and Abduction-2, two alternate approaches to problem definition formulated by Kees Dorst, can affect the quality of design outcomes. On the one hand, Abduction 1 is the approach to create objects when customer values and operating principles are given, deriving relatively improved products or services while accepting the current conditions. On the other hand, Abduction 2 is the approach to create both objects and working principles when only customer values are given, deriving completely new innovative design solutions. The author conducted four ideation workshops with 25 third- and fourth-grade students, majoring in industrial design. A total of 163 ideas were derived from the ideation workshop using Abduction-1 and Abduction-2. The ideas were then evaluated in terms of fluency, flexibility, infrequency, subjective originality, and usefulness. In conclusion, Abduction-2 was found to be more effective than Abduction-1 in deriving more original ideas. This study concluded that Abduction-2 is the more effective approach to problem definition for better design outcomes and also contributed to the elaboration of design thinking methodology.