인공지능(AI)기반의 치명적 자율무기에 대한 법적·윤리적 쟁점 기초연구

"The enormous advances made in the field of artificial intelligence over the past years have led to mounting fears and debates on the future warfare. Especially lethal autonomous weapons(LAWs) which can select both the target and means of attack autonomously without decision of human being are in the center of the debate. The current research and future deployment of lethal autonomous weapon systems(LAWs) is actively under running throughout the military and international communities. The legal community is also have increasing interest about artificial intelligence, which has already emerged as an issue of the fourth industrial revolution. As a result, the topic of artificial intelligence has begun to appear in legal papers. Most of them are papers dealing with issues related to self-driving cars and intellectual property rights. However, issues surrounding autonomous weapons system based by artificial intelligence are important and immediate. For that reasons, this paper is mainly focused on the military advantage to be gained from current and future systems, the risks and potential benefits inherent and the ethics of their use. Ongoing discussions at different multilateral fora on the definition of ‘Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems(LAWS) are focused on a preemptive ban on LAWs on one hand and the justification of the dual use of technology on the other. Those who advocate for a pre-emptive and thorough ban on LAWs argue that such weapon systems are not able to comply with the fundamental principles of proportionality, distinction and precaution which is the main principle of the International Humanitarian Law(IHL). Considering the dual use of robot technology and already existing degree of autonomy in current warfare, what is essential is to engage in meaningful deliberations to arrive at common understandings on compliance of LAWs with the principles of IHL and IHRL ahead of their deployment in future conflicts. Like previous technological revolutions, artificial intelligence surely poses new challenges for international humanitarian law, particularly regarding accountability and the legal regulations governing the use of force. As seriously discussed in the U.S. Congress, artificial intelligence is undoubtedly a field of science and technology development that directly affects national security. It is clear that artificial intelligence (AI) will have a profound impact on future national intelligence activities and therefore national security issues. The real issue is that the emergence of new technologies, such as deadly autonomous weapons based on dazzling development of artificial intelligence, raises a variety of ethical and legal issues. Such legal and ethical issues arise not just as theoretical material but as ethical issues at the national security level of sovereignty. Most significantly, will it allow the development of lethal autonomous weapons? What restrictions would be placed if allowed? How will artificial intelligence change future wars? How will lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) affect military balance with rivals? Is there any possibility of an international ethical dispute? In reality, the CIA, which goes by the hands of the world's secret hands, is said to have already hired artificial intelligence spies. The National Security Agency (NSA), nicknamed the ear of the Earth, admitted that it is operating by introducing artificial intelligence to gather information and analyze information. China and Russia, which have a serious impact on South Korea's national security, are also known to be racing fiercely. From all those point of vies, this thesis suggests and emphases to rethink lethal autonomous weapons,‘s pros and cons considering legal and ethical point of views."