종교현상학의 방법적 기초로서의 현상학적 환원: M.엘리아데의 『성과 속』에서 ‘속(俗)’의 이중적 의미를 중심으로

M. Eliade is indisputably the most prominent scholar in the ‘phenomenological’ study of religion. Then one must ask: how were Eliade's religious studies invested with the character of ‘phenomenology’? This question requires a philosophical answer, particularly through phenomenology, which factors in the question itself. The present article attempts to answer this question from the standpoint of philosophical phenomenology, specifically Husserl’s phenomenology. Eliade’s dual viewpoints on life, the ‘sacred’ of the religious person and the ‘profane’ of the non-religious can only be understood through Husserl’s concept of phenomenological reduction as shifts of phenomenological attitudes. In my view, what Eliade called the profane corresponds to what Husserl called life-world. Accordingly Eliade needed the method to analyze the profane. I maintain that it must be Husserl’s methode of phenomenological reduction to life-world. In addition, the contrast between ‘the sacred’ and ‘the profane’ can be described only through Husserl’s ‘eidetic reduction’ as it is positioned to describe the essential structure of religious life, rather than the facts of it. Lastly Eliade’s concept of ‘transcendence’ has theoretical room to be interpreted as Husserl’s transcendental phenomenological reduction. His double meaning of ‘the profane’ corresponds to the dual meaning of natural attitude in Husserl’s phenomenology. In short, ‘the profane’ functions paradoxically as the potential horizon from which ‘the sacred’ emerge on the one hand, also it must be overcome by the transcendental reduction in order to enter into the origin of humanity, ‘the sacred.’