로이드 존스의 복음주의적 정치윤리: 그의 로마서13:1-7에 대한 설교를 중심으로

This study aims at elucidating an Evangelical political ethic with special reference to Dr. D. M. Lloyd Jones’ expository sermons on Romans 13:1-7, especially dealing with the Christian perspective on the state, the Christian’s attitude to it, and the relationship between the state and the church. First, Lloyd Jones’ Christian perspective on the state is that the state has been ordained by God, its main function being to help its people “live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness” (1 Tim. 2:2). If the state does this function properly, suppressing the evil, and increasing the well-being of its people, the Christians must do their best to keep its laws and help others do so. Second, the Christians’ attitude to the state may be summarized as the “detached participation”: they must put their faith and hope in the Kingdom of God, the state being their secondary object, not being lost in it or excited by it. The state is to have the capital punishment by which God maintains the sanctity of life, which has been given by God. The state also has a duty to declare and carry out a just war in order to keep its law and order. Then the Christians shall participate in the war, and the pacifists as well as the conscientious objectors are wrong, who insist that no state should ever go to war and it is erroneous for any individual ever to participate in war. Third, historically considering the relationship between the state and the church, Lloyd Jones rejects the idea of the unity between the two, which has been kept by the Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran churches. He is also very critical of John Calvin and Calvinists, who, while acknowledging the distinction between the two, failed to realize the complete separation between the two. For Lloyd Jones the best and most Biblical position in this regard is the Free Church Idea that the church must be completely independent from the state, as it was carried out by Roger Williams. Fourth, Lloyd Jones’ idea of “detached participation” may be regarded as being located between Karl Barth’s inactive participation and Abraham Kuyper’s active participation. Taking a stand for a complete separation between the state and the church, Lloyd Jones is especially critical of Kuyper’s idea of the Christianizing of life and society, even regarding it as heretical. According Lloyd Jones, the state must not interfere into the church, and the church must not interfere into the state, either. What the church can do is rather laying down the general principles that govern politics and its related things. Then the individual Christians may not try to Christianize people, but have excellent views and ideas which the civil magistrates may adopt.