도덕적 사유와 공리주의: 헤어(R. M. Hare)의 두 수준 모델과 그린(J. D. Greene)의 이중과정이론

In modern cognitive science, the idea that human thinking works as a dual process of unconscious intuition and conscious reasoning is widely accepted. In this regard, in the field of ethics, R. M. Hare has already proposed a two-level model in which moral thinking can be divided into intuitive and critical levels. J. D. Greene's dual-process theory, which has recently revealed that dual processes of intuition and reasoning play a role in the moral judgment by the progress of neuroscientific research, provides scientific evidence for Hare's two-level model. Both theories share the view that two-levels of intuitive and critical thinking exist in moral thinking or that dual-process of intuition and reasoning exist in moral judgment, both of which are mutually complementary and that our moral life requires both. Also common in the two theories is the fact that draw utilitarianism as a conclusion. In this paper, we examine the two-level model of Hare and the dual process theory of Greene, and how the two theories are related and how Greene's research support the theory of Hare. We will also examine why the two theories lead to utilitarianism in their conclusions and whether such conclusions are reasonably acceptable.