≪周禮·考工记≫中的东方生态设计美学
"Zhouli Kaogongji"(The Rites of Zhou) Earstern ecological design aesthetics
장완석(中國 武漢理工大學)
1호, 31~47쪽
초록
从西方工业革命之后至今, 全球生态有了巨大变化｡ 各个学科已非常关注生态环境问题｡ 艺术与设计们也通过交叉性学科和融合学(inter-disciplinary studies)的模式, 扩大其领域｡ 当今的艺术与设计作为融合学, 既和哲学、美学等人文学科结合, 也和管理学、机械工程学等多样学科的结合发展起来｡ 广义而言, 生态就是自然｡ 自然与人的关系是在东方传统文化的重要观念｡ 东方社会一直强调自然与人的和谐统一｡ 儒家提出天人相通论, 所以在宇宙论的意义上, 具有给人类社会赋予基本的道德原则的意义｡ ≪考工记≫的设计理念也强调自然与人的和谐｡ 古代东方人总在考虑自然生态的情况, 努力去做和自然生态的和谐｡ 古代人们作出新的人工物的时总在考虑自然｡ 因此, 在要做所有的器物时, 和自然和谐才可以美的, 不然不能探讨美｡ 设计能被人创造的是人的主观能动性之外, 另外还有人从自然生态能得到其材料｡ 人类能合理的得到自然生态所提供的材料的话, 我们既能使用助于人性的设计, 还能保护自然生态｡ 在≪考工记≫的设计观念的中心中体现了自然生态、人与设计之间的和谐为美的价值｡ 和谐之美是从古以来人类追求的理想的境界｡ 在东方古典美学而言, 以“和谐”为美的思想是非常丰富的｡ “和”强调的就是不同的物质之间的相互协调、平衡与有机的统一｡ 自然生态、人、人工物是世界的三大存在体｡ 因此, 人工物的设计与创造必须考虑自然与人类社会的统一｡ 这样, 人类才能持续可能发展｡ 在日日润泽的生活环境条件下, 现代的设计导致物质优先的社会｡ 人与自然生态的关系已经形成了非常对立的情况｡ 在这样情况下, 我们为可持续发展, 要寻找我们面临的许多问题的解决点｡ 在此, 我们需要反思在≪考工记≫中所说的“天时, 地气, 材美, 工巧”的自然、人、人工物的统一的生态设计美学观｡
Abstract
After the industrial revolution from the West so far, it has been a huge global ecological change. Various disciplines have been very concerned about the ecological and environmental problems. Art and Design also through inter-disciplinary studies model, expanding its domain. Today's art and design as a inter-disciplinary studies, and both philosophy and aesthetics combine humanities, and also combine management, mechanical engineering and other diverse disciplines developed. Broadly speaking, the ecological environment is nature. Nature and human relations are an important concept in traditional Eastern culture. Eastern Society has always stressed that human nature and harmony. Confucius proposed the "nature and human communication theory", So the cosmological sense, human society has to impart the basic ethical principles of significance. "Kaogongji" design concept also emphasizes nature and human harmony. Ancient Eastern people always consider natural ecological situation, trying to do and the natural ecological harmony. Ancient Eastern people make when new artificial material, always considering nature. Therefore, do all the artifacts, the harmony with nature can be beautiful. It is designed to be created by people outside the people's initiative, in addition to people from the natural ecology of the material can be obtained. Humans can reasonably obtain materials provided by natural ecosystems, we both use help humanity design, but also to protect the natural environment. In "Kaogongji" design concept reflected between natural ecology and design, harmony between human and design is beautiful value. Since ancient times, harmonious beauty is the ideal state of Eastern human pursuit. Classical aesthetics in the East, the "harmony" as the aesthetic thinking is very rich. "Harmony" is emphasized coordination between different substances, balance and organic unity. "Nature, human, man-made" is the world's three existent. Therefore, the design and creation of artifacts must consider the unity of nature and human society. To do so, it is possible to sustainable development. In the daily living environment moist conditions, modern design leads to physical universal society. Human and natural ecology has formed a relationship is very contradictory. In such a case, for our sustainable development, to find a solution to many problems. Here, we need to reflect a unified ecological design aesthetics between "Kaogongji" in the term "nature, human, man-made."
- 발행기관:
- 동양학연구소
- 분류:
- 동양철학일반