중앙아시아 구전 서사시 전통에서 카자흐 아큰이 포괄하는 의미와 다중적 사회기능

This study on the Kazakh epic teller akyn begins with the hypothesis that it will contribute to the study of the domestic epic archetypes inherent in modern literature. It is based on the view that culture is constantly and repeatedly interacting between countries and peoples as Zhirmunsky claims. The birth of a akyn is directly linked to the birth of epic. Akyn's epic poem in the form of a recitative is the foundation of the arts of the Kazakh epic poems. One of the important features of akyn’s arts is the “improvisation”, which has a special meaning in the Turkic epic performance tradition. Another significant feature is that akyns must compete in “aitys” and win public recognition as qualified singers. Akyn’s role is not limited to a mere epic teller because he/she is obliged to be a representative and spokesperson for the clan or tribe to which he/she belongs. According to ancient Kazakh customs, all akyns must praise their tribes and find and attack the weaknesses or vulnerabilities of their opponents. Akyn’s discourse in epic poems has the function of cultivating a right spirit of community, emphasizing fairness and rejecting antagonism. In addition, the akyn’s competition functioned as a school when the school was absent because the competition of wisdom and knowledge in the form of questions and answers during aitys reminded the audience of what they needed to learn. Consequently, akyn’s multiple functions of improvising poems, and raiding competitors and defending his sides have a net function of finding and scolding their own lack and creating a better society rather than animosity between tribes. At the same time, it can be interpreted as the Turkic people's ingenuity to reject the systemic framework of patriarchal, dogmatic and monologic monarchic societies, and to pursue the open nomadic life of dialogue with humor and freedom.