고용보험 가입의 성별 격차와 원인: 연령집단별 비교를 중심으로

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent and causes of the gender gap in unemployment insurance, and to seek ways to improve gender equity in unemployment insurance. Since women's employment patterns differ by life cycle, heterogeneity exists in the gaps and causes of unemployment insurance coverage by age group. For the analysis, we used the 12th(2009) and 20th(2017) raw data of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study, and calculated the gap and detailed contributions of unemployment insurance coverage by gender using the decomposition method of Fairlie(2014). As a result, the gender gap in unemployment insurance coverage was alleviated compared to 2009, but the gender gap was slightly increased in their thirties. And the contribution of employment type increased significantly. Second, the contribution of monthly average wages to the gender gap in all age groups increased. Lastly, the effects of discrimination in the labor market were increased in the age group 55 years and older, and the effects of differences in gender characteristics increased in the age group under 55 years. The policy recommendations based on the analysis result are as follows. First, it is necessary to make administrative efforts to prevent employers from avoiding contributions as a way to increase employment insurance coverage for non-regular workers. Second, some improvement of the social insurance subsidy program is needed to increase the coverage of low-wage workers. Third, at the age group of 55 years and older, the focus is on eliminating discrimination in the labor market, while at the age group under 55 years, various institutional support should be provided to mitigate the reduction of human capital in the labor market due to women's career interruption.