바젤III 자본규제 강화에 따른 국내 금융산업의 재무건전성 영향에 관한 연구

Basel III (the Third Basel Accord or Basel Standards) is an international regulatory framework that introduced a set of reforms designed to improve the regulation, supervision and risk management within the banking sector. This study analyzes the operational efficiency of domestic banks in terms of capital adequacy, asset soundness, liquidity, and profitability. The results showed that the capital adequacy of domestic banks was good. The BIS capital adequacy ratio, BIS tier 1 capital ratio, and tangible common equity ratio of domestic banks have remained stable above the BIS regulation ratio. However, in preparation for the prolonged economic downturn and the possibility of the financial crisis, it is necessary to reinforce the crisis response capability through a high level of capital expansion and internal reserves. Second, asset soundness of domestic banks needs to be improved. The major banks in Korea are in a good condition as the non-performing loan ratio is below 0.6% and the delinquency rate is below 0.04%. On the other hand, in the case of local financial institutions, asset soundness is deteriorating due to the increase in bad debts and delinquency rate due to the recession in the manufacturing industry. Third, domestic banks have excellent liquidity but profitability needs improvement. The average liquidity coverage ratio of domestic major banks is kept above the regulatory ratio, but lower than that of global major banks. In the domestic banking sector, profitability and liquidity are relatively low due to its low structural profitability, high cost structure, and low interest income. Domestic banks will have to go global and expand their market or take a non-interest income strategy.