The Effects of Teacher Guidance Mediated by Extra-Curricular Activities on the Citizenship and Global Citizenship of Korean High School Students

This study aims to explore the structural relationship among four variables under the assumption that teacher guidance would affect both the actual national and global citizenship of high school students via their extra-curricular activities. Utilizing responses from 5,683 high school students’ surveys collected during the 6th year of the 「KELS 2013」, descriptive statistics, structural equation modeling(SEM) and mediator effect analysis were performed. Firstly, the result shows that the levels of teacher guidance, citizenship and global citizenship of students were all above average. Secondly, the SEM among the four variables, which include teacher guidance, students’ extra-curricular activities, students’ citizenship and global citizenship was found to be appropriate. Thirdly, while teacher guidance has a direct influence on the extra-curricular activities and global citizenship, it does not directly affect students’ citizenship. Extra-curricular activities, however, are shown to directly affect both students’ citizenship and global citizenship. Fourthly, the analysis of the indirect effect of the mediation model shows that a teacher’s guidance has an indirect effect on the citizenship and global citizenship of students through their participation in the extra-curricular activities. Based on these findings, a few policy recommendations along with suggestions for further study could be drawn.