중국의 폐기물 법제의 최근동향과 시사점

China is the country with the largest amount of solid waste in the world. Before 2018, China also imported solid waste as a resource for reuse. At present, China’s solid waste legal system is an important environmental legal system. The main content is based on the “Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law” (1996) as the core, including the “Cleaner Production Promotion Law” (2002) and the “Circular Economy Promotion Law” (2008) on solid waste. China’s solid waste legal system is an effective institutional means to deal with the large amount of solid waste generated in the country, and has played a key role for more than 20 years. However, in the process of rapid economic growth and social change, China’s existing solid waste legal system is unable to effectively respond to waste problems in many new fields, and the improvement of the system is imminent. This study, by reviewing the evolution of China’s solid waste legal system, clarified the transition phase of China’s solid waste legal system from a traditional pollution control model to a new model centered on recycling and reuse, and promoted the thinking on the development context of China’s solid waste legal system. By introducing the legislative purpose and legislative principles with Chinese characteristics, the trend of China’s solid waste legal system is studied, and a variety of solid wastes (such as industrial waste, agricultural waste, packaging waste, etc.) are summarized under the principles of reduction, harmlessness, and resource utilization. And some special solid wastes (dangerous wastes, electronic products, and autos, etc.) related systems and regulations. In 2018, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment proposed a draft revision proposal of Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law. At the end of 2019, the National People’s Congress proposed a Second review of the draft amendment to the Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law. The large-scale revision of the Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law will have a comprehensive and profound effect on the prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste in China. The impact may even have an impact on the flow of solid waste worldwide. After studying the new draft amendment, China will focus on the connection between solid waste and the environmental protection tax system, prohibit the import of solid waste, establish a new domestic waste specify, strengthen information disclosure and participation. Comparing the differences between the original text of the article and some of the key points in the content of the draft amendment, we can see that there is a huge contradiction in Chinese society on the issue of solid waste pollution. By summarizing the existence of China’s solid waste legal system, such as unclear legislative purposes, major challenges facing solid wastes in rural areas, vague government supervision and management responsibilities, and the Solid Waste Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control Law, the Cleaner Production Promotion Law, the Circular Economy Promotion Law’s interrelated and applicable, analyze the problems and deficiencies of China’s solid waste legal system, discuss the current Chinese waste legal system. The paper also hopes that Korean scholars will pay attention to the impact of China’s waste legislation.