왕양명 48-49살 정좌공부에서 양지로 전환과 학술 의의

Wang Yang-myeong’s academic life can be divided into two parts by the presentation of yangji(良知) and chiyangji(致良知) at the age of 48-49. Especially in August, when he was 49 years old, the whole-day debate on Tongcheonam(通天巖) became the most groundbreaking occasion in academic and teaching methods. In his 30s, Wang actively learned how to cure Taoism’s curing because of back pain and lung disease. He cured the disease to a certain extent by carrying out a positive study of Taoist life preserving arts, referring to the popular books “Hwang Jeong-gyeong(黃庭經)” and “Sujin-do(修眞圖).” When he was 35 years old, he had the mysterious experience of seeing the metaphysical noumenon of the mind(先天翁) for the first time in prison, and at the age of 37, he experienced the metaphysical change of noumenon and function(體用神化) in Yongjang(龍場) based on Shao Yuong(邵雍) moving method of vital essence by small circle(小周天). Based on his own experiences, he taught students the meditation method in sitting quietly and the sincerity meditation method(誠意工夫) at the age of 39. He changed the teaching method to the awakening of good nature(立志工夫) at the age of 43. His new meditation method was popular among students at the time, and was particularly popular with Wang Gi(王畿) and An Gyun(顔鈞). While teaching in Gamju(贛州) and Namchang(南昌), the 48-year-old Wang faced a problem of unifying the study of sincerity(致知) in “Taxie(大學)” and the care of self(愼獨) in “Jungyong(中庸).” In August, student Jinguchun(陳九川) on the basis of the true mind of Lu Xiang Shan(陸象山) came to raise the issue of the awakening of good nature(致知) and the recognition of Lingming(靈明), Wang presented Yangji(良知) for the first time, and taught in Namchang, but the students did not pay much attention. However, in the summer of the 49-year-old, students had a full-day discussion with students in Tongcheonam(通天巖) about the unification of awakening of good nature(致知) and the care of self(愼獨), and the students were also convinced of Yangji(良知). After returning to Shaoxing city(紹興府) at the age of 50, Wang taught Yangji for students who came to his house, and at the age of 54, said Yangji is an outstanding invention that transcended Yukguyeon(陸象山)’s psychology. In other words, he found the main dominator of the deep mind(the self-authentication, 自證分) in deep meditation. Wang continued to explain Yangji in his 50s. Yangji is the main dominator of the deep mind and includes heavenly principles. In 55-year-old, Wang comprehensively explained it is the clean and bright spirituality that has the cognitive and judgment abilities in mind according to the true and false two minds(眞妄二心) of buddhist epistemology. As shown in the case of Gu Yang-deok(歐陽德)’s trap of deep meditation(禪病) Wang emphasized that Yangji has the ability to relieve the trap of deep meditation and can arrive at the highest stage of sage that Jeong Myeong-do(程明道) had imagined. He evaluated his own meditation method of Yangji is the best in Neo-Confucianism.