핵군축조약상의 검증체제의 발전과 그 한계

The controls over nuclear weapons is assessed to have been considerable developed, particularly in that concluded 25 nuclear disarmament treaties including the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Nevertheless a legally binding instrument to regulate nuclear weapons has left much to be desired, and more fundamental problem is not to be properly implemented the existing nuclear disarmament treaties. In this situations, what a minimum requirements for effective control over nuclear weapons should be sincerely implemented just the existing nuclear disarmament treaties. Therefore, in this paper, the following aspects are concretely examined about verification as the effective way to implement the duties under the nuclear disarmament treaties. First, introducing the verification regimes in the existing nuclear weapons treaties. Second, examining the process of development the above verification regimes. Third, analyzing the limits of the verification regimes. Based on the above review, the following conclusions as the directions of verification regimes in future are reached, which are followings. First, in relation to the verification by national technical means, the clauses about verification in the exist nuclear disarmament treaties should be supplemented, new national technical means should be developed in the technological side, the national technical means of advanced countries should share with developing countries, or international cooperative system sharing national technical means should be needed. Second, in relation to the verification by Safeguard of International Atomic Energy Agency, an unequalness applying the Safeguards should be improved, effective sanctions should be prepared in case of breach of the Safeguards obligations, or the categories applying the Safeguards should be expanded. Third, in relation to the verification by on-site inspection, as I mentioned, the clauses about verification in the exist nuclear disarmament treaties should be supplemented, international cooperative system sharing information by the on-site inspection should be needed, or the categories applying on-site inspection should be expanded. Finally, it is very important to improve the verification regimes in nuclear disarmament treaties under the above suggestions stage by stage. But because the verification regimes in the nuclear weapons treaties have to do with political, military or safety interests of each country, the developments of the regimes are just not easy. Simultaneously, above all things, international community will try to reinforce and restore mutual confidence, for instance, due to openness of military informations.