프랑스에서 야당의 지위와 권한 - 2008년 헌법개정의 배경과 의미를 중심으로

When the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic was established in 1958, the status and rights of parliament had to be reduced, and the issue of the opposition's status and rights was not a matter of concern, as the previous republics suffered severe cabinet instability due to the party's turmoil. However, the introduction of a direct presidential election system and the continuation of a "majority phenomenon" in which a stable majority exists within the National Assembly have led to an excessive concentration of power. Since then spreads gradually perception on the necessity to strengthen the opposition's status and rights. But the tangible fruit will emerge through the 2008 Constitutional revision, which was pushed forward with the aim of "modernizing and rebalancing the institutions". The 2008 constitutional revision not only significantly strengthened the power of parliament, but also stipulated the concept of respect for opposition and required assemblies to recognize the "special rights" of opposition through their respective regulations. In response, the French National Assembly will also respond through a drastic revision of their Regulation. The criteria for identifying opposition group was established and several measures were taken to improve the role of the opposition group. It gave better representation to opposition groups and minor groups in the personnel composition of the Assembly's decision-making body, ensured active participation of opposition groups and minor groups in the evaluation audit activities to carry out common responsibilities with the ruling group, and recognized to them many privileges in open debates, including the review of bills.