합성생물학 적용 LMO에 부합하는 새로운 위해성평가 및 위해성관리 체계 도입의 필요성에 관한 소고

With the rapid development of synthetic biology, known as new dimension of modern biotechnology, international discussions are actively underway on the necessity of new risk assessment and management system corresponding to the synthetic biology-applied LMOs. The reason for this is that synthetic biology-applied LMOs are incomparably more likely to cause environmental risks than existing LMOs, and it has been argued that there is a limit to the application of existing LMO risk assessment and management to synthetic biology-applied LMOs. Under these circumstances, the need for a new risk assessment and management system in accordance with the synthetic biology-applied LMOs is a very important issue to Korea. This is because Korea needs to secure food safety as an import country of LMOs, while addressing the task of fostering bio-industry based on synthetic biology. Nevertheless, what synthetic biology is, and what discussions are being held internationally to regulate synthetic biology, are not even well known in Korea. Therefore, this article addresses the concepts and scope of synthetic biology discussed in the CBD first, and then looks at the trends and main issues of international discussion on risk assessment and management of synthetic biology applied-LMOs. Next, this article covers the contents of risk assessment and management under the current LMO Act, which faithfully reflects the Cartagena Protocol, and examines whether it can be applied to the synthetic biology-applied LMOs. Based on that, this article checks the position of Korea in the international community and suggests response strategies for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.