현대사회의 공포와 불안, 그리고 혐오 : ‘난민’이 문제가 되는 사회

This paper explores the social conditions of the dispute triggered by 500 Yemenite refugees who entered Jeju Island in 2018. At that time, many Koreans responded to them with emotional hostility. There had been no attempt to understand their sufferings through rational discussion while stigmatizing them as latent criminals or terrorists. This article examines this emotional expression of hostility and hate as a ‘question of refugee before coming of refugee.’ Human-beings live together with fear through whole life. They cannot escape from fears coming out of death, disaster, unexpected accident, and the others. While being relieved by solidarity with the others, these fears can be expressed through hostility and hate in a distorted form. A market-driven society in which only winners are respected and many losers are blamed of being incapable reduces a room for solidarities. When the uncertainty of whether they can succeed or not increases, and when the possibility of solidarity with the others decreases, our anxiety and fear expand. Before the refugees coming, all of us had accumulated the emotion of hostility and hate within our mind. Zygmunt Bauman provides a philosophical reflection on it. This paper, going beyond a critical reflection on the social conditions producing our mind that hates rather then welcomes the others, critically approaches an understanding of human-being itself. The modern understanding of human-being defined it as an isolated and egoistic actor. Now it is time to redefine it as a being who, because of being imperfect, must cooperate. This article tries to discuss it through Etienne Balibar’s concept of trans-individuality.