공공기관 입찰참가자격 제한의 법적 성격과 일반적 제재사유 – ‘명백성’ 요건을 중심으로

Restrictions on qualification for participating in a bid, also known as ‘disqualification system’ are being implemented throughout public procurement contracts by the state, local governments and public institutions. In particular, this article summarizes the legal issues regarding the subject, legal aspects, requirements of restrictions on qualification for participating in a bid by public institutions under the ACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS from a practical point of view. Under the ACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS, public institutions are divided into public corporations, quasi-government institutions, and non-classified public institutions, and public corporations and quasi-government institutions are allowed to take administrative disposition of sanctions as the legal basis for restrictions on qualification for participating in a bid is provided. On the other hand, in the case of non-classified public institutions, although the legal basis is not clear, the subordinate statutes stipulate that it is possible to restrict the qualifications for participation in a bid, which needs to be reviewed. ACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS stipulates that the requirement of restrictions on qualification for participating in a bid will “interfere with fair competition or proper performance of a contract”. Even if the use of the amorphous concept is inevitable, revisions are needed to prevent problems such as a regulatory vacuum in the procedures of public procurement contracts. In addition to the above requirements, ACT ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS stipulates ‘clarity’. Although this is a characteristic difference between restrictions on qualification for participating in a bid by the state or local government and the case by public institutions, it has not been largely discussed in the practice of public procurement contracts and related legal precedents and theories. In order to strictly interpret the requirements of administrative disposition of sanctions to guarantee the rights and interests of the disposition party, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of ‘clarity’ and apply it in actual cases. The first step is to look at existing discussions in public law, such as the constitution and criminal law, as well as administrative law. This can serve as a starting point for interpreting the ‘clarity’ peculiar to restrictions on the qualifications for participating in a bid of public institutions. Since the interpretation of the legality and requirements of restrictions on the qualifications for participating in a bid is finally controversial in court as a lawsuit, so discussions in terms of the litigation law are must be accompanied. In particular, a problem arises in the difference between legal theory and practice in relation to the burden of proof, which is the same for the state and local governments as well as public institutions, so I will add it to the end.