자연기술복합재난 관리를 위한 법제 개선방안 연구

The disaster safety accidents in modern times are characterized by complexity and successiveness, which harm the safety of the people and the country while also expanding into a global issue in some cases. The academia refers to such an accident as a “complex disaster,” of which examples include leakage accidents of nuclear power plants due to a tsunami or a building collapse caused by a landslide. As such, complex disasters can be largely categorized into two aspects. First, based on the cause of the occurrence, the risk factors occur simultaneously. Second, from the ‘results caused by occurrence’ aspect, the ripple effect, the types of occurrence between causes and results may vary. Due to the simultaneousness and successiveness of disaster safety accidents, it is difficult to identify all hazardous factors and establish a response system suitable for the factors. Nevertheless, another serious problem is “Natural Hazard Triggering Technological Disasters (Natech)”, which are similar to complex disasters yet have different properties. Natech is the case where the cause was a natural disaster but progressed into an industrial disaster as a result, and is more dangerous than general accidents and complex disasters. The relevant discussion is insufficient in Korea; however, in the U.S., Japan, and Europe, the concept of Natech is defined and a management system is being established and developed. Establishing a management system in the event of disaster safety accidents has undoubted importance because it is meaningful in preventing future accidents and clarifying responsibility. The same is true for Natech. Still, it is problematic that Korea has not established the concept of Natech, has insufficient response systems, and has not built a database to manage and prevent Natech. The problem is even more serious because of existing issues of regulations and management systems on safety disasters persist. Establishing a management system for Natech is the duty of the state in protecting the people from disasters that will occur in the future and is a move to keep pace with the globalization of safety disasters. To this end, it is crucial to collect natural disaster data, establish risk management systems, and reinforce roles and collaboration in international cooperation. This study, as a preliminary study for the purpose, acknowledged Natech as a type of disaster, and advocated the necessity of establishing management systems for Natech. Accordingly, the study explained the concept and impact of Natech and reviewed the necessity of establishing database management systems in Korea.