한국 근대사회에서 관광의 생산체계와 소비행태 변화: 포디즘-탈포디즘 관점에서 문헌연구를 중심으로

This study began with the question how tourism and travel were produced and consumed in modern Korean society as Korean society changes to modernity. The purpose of this study is to find and interpret how the foundation process of tourism was established in modern Korean society, how the social and institutional production system of tourism including major tourism industries and national tourism development policies, and what characteristics of the consumption behaviors in tourism was. Accordingly, based on Fordism and Post-Fordism thesis issued in the West, it was discussed whether the tourism behavior and tourist experiences of domestic and overseas tourism were equally changed in Korea. This study conducted a document study using various research papers and statistic reports published by the government since 1976 as secondary data. It was concluded that social modernization changed the domestic tourism to radicalized modernization, and extended organized mass tourism to individualized one, namely, Fordism to post Fordism. On the other hand, overseas tourism in Korea was nearly impossible due to the limitation policy of tourism imports by government till 1988. In the 1990s, the number of overseas tourists increased rapidly with the explosive growth of the travel industry. Until the early 2000s, overseas tourism was mainly dominated by Fordism. Individualized tourism, meanwhile was favored by the younger generation who were able to communicate in ICT environment, or the internet, and thus the shift to post-Fordism in overseas tourism was partly seen.