未成年犯罪恶意补足年龄规则可行性研究
A Study on the Malicious Complement Age Rule of Juvenile Crimes in Chinese Criminal Law
안홍우(청도대학교); 박상식(경상대학교)
29권 1호, 131~145쪽
초록
随着2020年10月13日刑法修正案（十一）草案提请十三届全国人大常委会进行二次审议，有关未成年犯罪的相关话题再一次进入公众和学界的视野。近些年来，未成年人犯罪率不断上升，而与之配套的刑事责任年龄制度和针对未成年犯罪的惩戒和教育手段却无法起到应有的震慑和教育作用，从而导致犯罪年龄逐渐下探，犯罪手段的恶劣程度不断上升。为了有效缓解当下未成年犯罪的趋势，我们急需创设或引进一种行之有效的规则在立法层面发挥指引的作用。而考虑到在普通法系国家中，尤其是英国和美国等法律制度相对完善的国家，在处理未成年犯罪方面构建了以刑事责任年龄制度为基础的少年司法体系，而在此制度中最为重要的就是“恶意补足年龄”规则。“恶意补足年龄”规则作为英美法中的一项规定，其存在和发展已经有700多年的历史，形成了较为成熟、完整的体系结构。所以在本文中，笔者将从“恶意补足年龄”规则入手，将其与此次刑法修正案（十一）草案中有关未成年犯罪的内容进行比较，通过论述中国刑法中有关未成年犯罪相关规定的变化，对“恶意补足年龄”规则本土化的可行性进行相关的论证，以便于将其本土化，使之与现行规定形成一种“双轨制”的处罚方法，旨在一定程度上缓解目前中国在青少年犯罪方面的现实困境。
Abstract
After the draft of the Amendment to Criminal Law (Eleventh) was motioned for deliberation to the 13th NPC Standing Committee On October 13, 2020, the topics related to minor crimes once again entered the public and academic field views. In recent years, minor crime rate has continued to rise, the matched system of age for criminal responsibility and punishment and education methods for minor crimes cannot play the role of deterrence and education, leading to the gradual downward of the criminal ages and the increasing severity of criminal methods. In order to effectively alleviate the current trend of juvenile delinquency, we urgently need to create or introduce an effective rule to play a guiding role at the legislative level. In view of the common law countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States and other countries with relatively perfect legal system, the juvenile justice system based on the age system of criminal responsibility has been established in dealing with juvenile crimes, and the most important rule in this system is the "malicious age supplementation" rule. As a regulation in Anglo-American law, the rule of “malicious complement age” has a history of more than 700 years, forming a relatively mature and complete system structure. Therefore, firstly, this paper compares the rule of “malicious complement age” with the content of the draft of the Amendment to Criminal Law (Eleventh) concerning minor crimes. Secondly, this paper discusses the changes in the relevant provisions on minor crimes in the Chinese Criminal Law to demonstrate feasibility of the localization of the rule of “malicious complement age”, so as to localize it to form a “dual-track” punishment method with the current regulations, thus alleviating the realistic difficulties of minor crimes in China to a certain extent.*Graduate student of Law School of Qingdao University, assistant researcher of difficult case research center * Professor, Department of Maritime Police, Gyeongsang National University, Corresponding Author
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