위계에 의한 간음죄에 관한 비교법적 고찰 - 미국형법상 기망에 의한 강간죄와 관련하여 -

Rape has traditionally been considered a violent crime that requires physical force. Rape requires assault and intimidation under the Korean Criminal Law, and in principle, rape is denied if fraud is used. However, In the case of minors and the physically and mentally weak, rape by fraud is punished as a crime under the Korean Criminal Law. Previously, the Supreme Court of Korea understood that the meaning of fraud in the crime of rape by fraud meant mistake and ignorance regarding the meaning of sexual intercourse itself. However, the Supreme Court of Korea recently has changed its view and decided that it was also a fraud to cause a mistake in the motive for deciding to have a sex. In the United States, rape was understood as a violent crime requiring physical violence, and in principle, rape was denied if fraud was used instead of force. In the United States, a factum-inducement distinction was made, and in the case of fraud in factum, rape by fraud was recognized. However, recent US legislations and cases tend to admit punishment for fraud in inducement. This is the same aspect as the Supreme Court of Korea has narrowly interpreted the meaning of fraud as causing a mistake in fact, and then changed the interpretation to include cases that caused an mistakes in motive in the inducement of sex. In both Korea and the United States, there are debates over whether rape by fraud should be punished as a crime, and how to interpret the meaning of fraud in the crime of rape by fraud. As the focus of the crime of rape changes from the physical violence to the victim's right to sexual self-determination, there is a tendency to broadly interpret the scope of the crime of rape by fraud. In this paper, the crime of rape by fraud in the US is examined from comparative point of view, and the recent case of the Supreme Court of Korea regarding the meaning of fraud in the crime of rape by fraud is discussed.