突发公共卫生事件中劳动合同中止制度的反思与构建
Reflection and construction of labor contract suspension system in public health emergencies
崔东日(中国延边大学法学院 副教授); 蒋兆琳(中国延边大学法学院 在读硕士); 向兰樊(中国 华中科技大学法学院)
15권 2호, 105~125쪽
초록
2020年伊始，新冠肺炎疫情的爆发给国民经济造成了巨大的影响，导致经济严重下滑，在此背景下，本已举步维艰的用人单位，却还要根据中央和地方各级人力资源社会保障部门（以下简称人社部门）出台的相关文件承担着不菲的工资支付和社会保险缴费的压力。面临疫情这一不可抗力的发生，用人单位并无过错，其本身无法预测更加难以克服，企业的人工成本由此而增加，社会的大规模性失业风险之隐患也会随之扩大。究其根源是囿于现行劳动法领域尚无能妥善合理应对不可抗力引发的劳动合同不能履行的制度和机制所致，既有的应对机制由于缺乏对不可抗力的关注，导致了用人单位过于沉重的经济负担。劳动合同中止制度基于不可抗力的思维，强调用人单位与劳动者之间患难与共、和衷共济，通过适当免除双方当事人的义务与责任，避免法律和政策过度向劳动者一方倾斜而忽略用人单位的利益。同时劳动合同中止制度还可以协调政府干预与私法自治的冲突关系，确保政府不对劳动关系过度干预，保持劳动关系的私法属性。地方性立法对于劳动合同中止制度已经先试先行，积累了可供借鉴的立法经验，大量的司法实践也为此提供了丰富的立法素材。从国家层面上将劳动合同中止制度以立法的形式确立起来，不仅可以完善劳动合同的运行机制，还可以促进劳动者与用人单位之间的利益平衡与协调，构建和谐劳动关系与和谐法治社会。
Abstract
At the beginning of 2020, the outbreak of COVID—19 has had a huge impact on the national economy, leading to a serious economic decline, in this context, the already difficult employers, but also according to the relevant documents issued by the Human Resources and Social Security Departments at all levels to bear the pressure of expensive wage payments and social insurance contributions. Facing the occurrence of this force majeureof the epidemic, the employer is not at fault, its own can not predict more difficult to overcome, the labor costs of enterprises increase, the hidden dangers of large-scale social unemployment will also expand.The root cause is that there is no system and mechanism in the field of labor law that can properly and reasonably deal with the failure to perform labor contracts caused by force majeure.The current response mechanism lacks the position of force majeure, which leads to the excessive economic burden of employers.The labor contract suspension system is based on the rule of force majeure, emphasizing that the employer and the employee share weal and woe, and through appropriate exemption of the obligations and responsibilities of both parties, avoiding laws and policies that are excessively inclined to the employee and disregard the interests of the employer.That would be unfair and injustice.At the same time, the labor contract suspension system can also coordinate the conflict between government intervention and private law autonomy, ensure that the government does not excessively interfere with labor relations, and maintain the private law nature of labor relations. Local legislation has already tried the labor contract suspension system first, and has accumulated legislative experience for reference. A large number of judicial practices have also provided rich legislative materials for this. Establishing the labor contract suspension system at the national level in the form of legislation can not only improve the operating mechanism of the labor contract, but also promote the balance and coordination of interests between workers and employers, and build harmony Labor relations and a harmonious society under the rule of law.
- 발행기관:
- 동북아법연구소
- 분류:
- 비교법학