「물환경보전법」상 공공수역 관리제도의 문제점 및 개선방안

Not only in Korea but also in Japan's case of comparative law, the target was considered a public water zone in the management of the water environment from the beginning. In other words, relevant laws were enacted under the recognition that it is important to prevent and properly manage water used as a public good. Today, it is necessary to change the name to the Water Conservation Act and to establish a clear understanding and scope of the water environment in terms of considering water circulation, water ecology and continuity in the limited scope of water quality. In addition, it is necessary to improve the system for the management of the water environment in earnest from existing water quality management by further elaborating the previously declared and policy-published regulations in the preservation and management of public waters. To this end, as previously suggested, detailed regulations on subjects, methods, procedures, etc. need to be revised in establishing related plans, such as water environment conservation measures and aquatic ecological restoration. Furthermore, as policy interest in sustainable river management has increased in water management, considering not only its use but also its environmental aspects, it has secured convergence between laws dealing with the same discipline while having different purposes. Furthermore, the increase in various development projects and pollutant emission facilities requires the management of pollutants in the water environment. In addition, it is required to prepare integrated environmental management measures between regions by reflecting public water management and facility plans in advance in various development projects, and understanding major regional issues, future strategies, and policy demands. In addition, Japan's water pollution prevention law stipulates that businesses can take preventive measures themselves by granting local governments a certain right to take measures rather than imposing regulations centered on regulations. On the other hand, in the case of the Water Environment Conservation Act, there is an excessive restriction on conduct in the “public area”. Conservation and management of public waters requires cooperative, support and incentive-oriented system design rather than administrative convenience or authoritative regulatory administration, and a bottom-up governance system is needed for both operators and the general public to participate in the conservation and management of public waters.