이주배경청년의 시민적 위계화와 사회적 주변화: 국적과 출생지, 젠더에 따른 차이를 중심으로

This study aims to examine the effect of civil hierarchy on the social marginalization of young adults with a migrant background. For this purpose, the Social Sciences Korea (SSK) Young Adults of Migrant Background Project Group's "2021 Survey of Young Adults of Migrant Background" was used along with a non-parametric estimation method. The major results of the analysis are as follows: First, respondents' attitudes towards social marginalization was not particularly negative, contrary to expectations, and in fact, was less negative than those of average Korean young adults. However, the pattern of social marginalization based on civil hierarchy showed a marked difference, notably that naturalized foreign-born residents (with Korean citizenship) held a distinctly negative attitude. The assumption is that these young adults of migrant background had naturalized in an effort to gain social mobility, flexibility, and a general ability to pursue their own interests; however, in the process of competing with the mainstream, the discrimination and stigmatization that they experienced may have left them with a largely negative view in the areas of equal opportunity and awareness of inequality. Lastly, the results of the non-parametric regression analysis, which controlled for demographic characteristics, showed that the lower the level in the civil hierarchy, the higher the awareness of social marginalization. In other words, those of an objectively lower social status (due to Korean society's differential treatment of residents) had a higher level of subjective awareness around social exclusion, alienation, and the reality that upward social mobility was largely closed off. Based on the results of this analysis, we argue that a more active inclusion policy—one based on "residency" rather than "nationality"—is needed to overcome current limitations in the segmented policy around "young adults with a migrant background."