탄소중립 이행을 위한 국내 에너지시스템통합 법·정책 고찰 - 유럽연합 에너지시스템통합 법제를 중심으로 -

In 2020, the EU approved the ‘European Energy System Integration’ and ‘Hydrogen Strategy’ amid a movement toward a carbon-neutral society. It can be seen as a policy that contains Europe's strategic direction to achieve a sustainable environment and economy in the climate crisis. The EU legislation can be meaningful in that it stipulates a ‘circulation’ energy system centered on energy efficiency, the expansion of direct electrification, and the use of clean fuels such as renewable energy-based hydrogen and sustainable biofuels and biogas in sectors that are difficult to electrify. As a follow-up measure, the EU is actively revising legislation for energy system integration by revising the 「Trans-European Energy Networks regulation(TEN-E)」, 「Energy Taxation Directive (ETD)」, and 「Energy Efficiency Directive (EED)」. Accordingly, Korea also emphasizes the importance of energy system integration from national strategies and policies such as ’Energy Carbon Neutral Innovation Strategy’, and the need for legal basis preparation and support is growing from the stage of new projects or empiricalization. The study found that in order to promote renewable energy on the supply side like the EU, legislation is needed not only to increase the proportion of renewable energy, but also to ease related regulations such as environmental impact assessment, permission for local governments, permission for use in mountainous areas, and strengthen the acceptance of residents to expand the supply of renewable energy facilities. Secondly, Korea proposes a promotion strategy for the development of electrification and sector coupling technology to promote the establishment of an energy integration system, and a management and promotion legislation system is also required to accelerate it. Korea presents a strategy for the development of electrification and sector coupling technology to promote the establishment of an energy integrated system, and a legal system is required to accelerate this strategy. Thirdly, it was found that in the field where electrification is difficult, a plan to increase the flexibility of the energy system should be prepared by using hydrogenation or low-carbon fuel. At the same time, in order to expand the supply of renewable energy, it is necessary to promote the technology development of energy storage devices or to strengthen regulations on safety. In terms of consumption, Korea is planning to introduce ‘the Energy Efficiency Resources Standard(EERS)’ through the amendment of the 「Energy Use Rationalization Act」 in 2022. It will be important to spread public awareness. In addition, It seems that follow-up legislation is needed to secure energy system integrated infrastructure and technological competitiveness. A legal basis for incentives for electricity consumers to participate in the Demand Response(DR) market will be required. Also, the revised tax law on renewable energy should clearly present standards for expanding tax benefits for renewable energy. In the case of Korea, it is possible to discuss the encouragement of energy system integration through the revision of 「Energy Utilization Rationalization Act」, but efforts to institutionalize factors such as technology development, empiricalization, commercialization, and manpower training are needed.