‘탄소중립 2050’을 위한 국내외적 기후위기 대응법제 동향에 관한 소고

The International Society recognizes that climate change is not a simple phenomenon, but a serious crisis that threatens the survival of mankind, and is striving to realize “carbon neutral 2050” by strengthening more active legal and policy measures. As reviewed in the main text, the German Federal Constitutional Court(Bundesverfassungsgericht: BVerfG)’s decision to revise the Federal Climate Protection Act(Bundes-Klimaschutzgesetz: KSG) and to urge amendments shows this in a cross-section. Such calls for more ‘sufficient’ climate crisis response measures for ‘future generations’ are necessary not only for Germany but also for other countries that want to realize ‘carbon neutrality 2050. If we are to truly implement the NDC under the Paris Agreement, we will have to actively cooperate with carbon-neutral initiatives to respond to the global climate crisis. In addition, as shown in the ‘EU Low-Carbon Roadmap 2050’, investment for a de-carbon future is necessary, and although not without controversy, regulations for responding to climate crisis such as Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism(CBAM) introduced by the EU are also needed. However, the efforts to reach an international consensus should not be overlooked as the climate crisis response measures must be implemented at the global level to bring effective results. In this respect, the Carbon Neutral Framework Act for Korea’s recently enacted ‘Carbon Neutral 2050’ has great significance in terms of global climate crisis response and NDC implementation in Korea. Therefore, necessary measures such as strengthening greenhouse gas reduction and adaptation measures to the climate crisis through the Act, establishing national strategies and mid- to long-term reduction goals for the national vision of realizing carbon neutrality in 2050, and regularly reviewing the implementation status and reflecting them in the future should be taken systematically. Compared to the recent situation in which the EU is taking preemptive measures such as the introduction of CBAM to respond to climate change, Korea's carbon neutrality is not without its delay. Moreover, as the United States rejoined the Paris Agreement in 2021 and is active in carbon neutrality, carbon neutrality has now become a necessity rather than an option. Therefore, in line with the international transition to a carbon-neutral society, Korea should also promote a change of perception that changes the way of life in society as a whole, and actively implement the contents of the Carbon Neutral Framework Act.