5·18 목격자의 집단트라우마: 국가범죄 피해자학의 재구성

The purpose of this study is to reexamine the traumatic experiences by the witnesses of the May 18 Democratic Uprising, which have been marginalized in discourses and policies regarding its victims, from the victimology of state crime. This study carried out the theoretical/empirical works as follows. First, we pointed out the limitation of witness trauma model(WTM) proposed from the biological psychiatry fields and suggested the community approach based on human rights as an alternative research perspective to understand the trauma of witnesses of state crime. Second, we collected biographies of 16 witnesses of the May 18 and analyzed them in accordance with the critical realist grounded theory. The result of this analysis proved that the witnesses of the May 18 had also experienced a variety of human rights violations and collective trauma in terms of civil/political rights, economic/social rights and the rights of victims of human rights violations. At the same time, the trauma of the May 18 witnesses showed much more participatory and dynamic development route, depending on the social condition of “speakablness” and the interaction with direct victims. The result of this case study calls for in-depth follow-up studies on the positionality of the witnesses of state crime and the socio-political implication of their collective trauma in the transitional justice process.