UN 총회 한국정부 승인 결의(제195호) 성립 과정과 의미 분석

The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the resolution 195(III) on December 12, 1948, which “declares that there has been established a lawful government(the Government of the Republic of Korea), having effective control and jurisdiction over that part of Korea where the Temporary Commission was able to observe and consult and in which the great majority of the people of all Korea reside; that this Government is based on elections which were a valid expression of the free will of the electorate of that part of Korea and which were observed by the Temporary Commission, and that this is the only such Government in Korea”(paragraph 2). The Government of the Republic of Korea(RoK) made use of this Resolution for claiming its political legitimacy over North Korea during the cold war period by insisting it had confirmed that the Government of the RoK be the only lawful government representing whole Korea. Since the adoption of this resolution there has been heated disputes concerning its real meaning: Whether the RoK’s Government was representing South Korea only or whole Korean peninsula. The purpose of this article is to search for the original meaning of the resolution 195(III), especially its paragraph 2. Author’s conclusion is that the resolution 195(III) could be interpreted in two ways: the one was to mean that the Government of the RoK represented South Korea only and the other was that it represented whole Korea. In facts, this ambiguity was intended result in the United Nations politics at that time. Because two States system, South and North Korea, has been consolidated in Korean peninsula thereafter, the interpretation that the Government of the RoK represents both Koreas, South and North, has become unrealistic claim.