유럽연합의 보충적 난민보호 제도 및 유럽사법재판소 판례

Complementary (or subsidiary) protection refers to the international protection provided outside the system of the Geneva Convention. Refugees who cannot return to their home countries due to violence or inhumane treatment but does not fall into the the legal definition of the Convention may be granted complementary protection status. Korea provides the humanitarian residence permit as a complementary protection. However, the Refugee Act has a few provisions on a humanitarian stay permit. This article examines subsidiary protection in the European Union which established the Qualification Directive (QD) and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) regarding the Directive. The QD provides refugee and subsidiary protection as a form of international protection. The objective of the Directive is to introduce the unified standards for determining who qualifies as a refugee or as a person eligible for subsidiary protection, and the content of international protection. Additionally, it was intended to equalize the legal status of subsidiary protection to refugee. The CJEU confirmed that the goal of the QD is to provide adequate protection to those who meet the requirements for international protection. The CJEU did not overlook the independent characters of the Directive, while taking into account the interpretation of other international treaties and the ECtHR. The Korean humanitarian residence permit system is not sufficient to fully revive the intent of complementary protection. To accomplish the purpose of international protection, it is required to draw clear rules regarding a humanitarian residence permit in the Refugee Act. It is also necessary to present clear requirements and application procedures for the permit, and to guarantee the status of humanitarian residents.